If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing. Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety donor parent, dp into the favored genetic background of another recurrent parent, rp. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 4 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent parent in addition to the good characteristics of the. Resistance to black arm disease in cotton from wild tetraploid species into. It therefore makes sense to buy sires based on estimated breeding values ebvs and structural soundness. Plant breeding methods 1 plant breeding methods additional new reference george acquaah. New crop are evolved by means of selection, introduction, hybridization, ploidy, mutation, tissue. The book demonstrates that ppb is in essence no different from conventional plant breeding, being based on the very same principles of mendelian, quantitative and population genetics, and therefore has complemented the. As a result, the genotype of the backcross progeny becomes increasingly similar to that of the recurrent parent. Pdf plant breeding methods in brief for students researchgate. Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or cross pollinated to increase yields. This short note written on the title of plant breeding methods.
Improved varieties are developed through plant breeding. Better management can increase yield but only to a limited extent. Main features of this method are briefly presented below. Lec 18 back cross method and various modified methods. These ten single crosses were in turn used to produce 15 double cross hybrids and 30 threeway cross hybrids. The changes made in plants are permanent and heritable. Plant breeding is a science based on principles of genetics and cytogenetic. The backcross method of breeding is commonly used in self and cross pollinated species. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of. Messmer and others published plant breeding techniques find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Crossing two plants hybridization is the primary technique for creating variability in flowering species. Back cross method of breeding authorstream presentation. Thus far conventional plant breeding methods have been successfully used for sus.
Sexual reproduction makes it possible to combine genes from two parents into a. In a way, conventional plant breeding can be seen as a collection of techniques aimed at bringing together good parents to generate a better crop in the progeny. Statistical genetics and plant breeding the national. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding definition. Much smaller population is needed in this method than in pedigree method. It is a complex subject, involving the use of many interdisciplinary modern sciences and technologies. The north dakota breeding program primarily uses a modified pedigree program and, to a lesser degree, backcross, single seed descent, recurrent selection. Biosafety considerations for new plant breeding techniques introduction umweltbundesamt rep0477, vienna 2014 5 1 introduction 1. Assessing breeding potential of threeway cross and double. These ten single crosses were in turn used to produce 15 doublecross hybrids and 30 threeway cross hybrids. In backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent.
Definition of plant breeding, sources of genetic variability significance of genetic variability. History and role of plant breeding in society what is plant breeding. Plant breeding methods pdf part i underlying science and methods of plant breeding, 1. Plant breeding scope, objectives and history authors. Breeding method for cross pollinated crop authorstream. Let us make an indepth study of the definition, objectives and historical background of plant breeding. The present roadmap for plant breeding takes a look at usdas roles and achievements in plant breeding, and at recent stakeholder input, to map out ways in which usdas plant breeding work can contribute to ongoing success and future preparedness across all sectors of u. Stephen baenziger, department of agronomy and horticulture, university of nebraskalincoln. These factors can combine and result in former landraces and local crops. In cattle, hybrids between black angus and hereford produce a hybrid known as a black baldy. Conventional plant breeding has been going on for hundreds of years, and is still commonly used today.
Download a pdf of statistical genetics and plant breeding by. To address that issue, the plant breeding and genetics group at msu organized an international conference on the topic, the first of its kind. Plant breeding dates to the very beginnings of agriculture, though scientific plant breeding began only in the early 20th century. Since these lines are typically lower yielding, older lines, once a plant is successfully transformed it must go through backcrossing to move the transgene into a high yielding, elite line. Modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. The package contains different functionalities relevant to analysis of data from both conventional and molecular plant breeding and genetics experiments. As all traits of a plant are controlled by genes located on chromosomes, conventional plant breeding can be considered as the.
Back cross method and various modified methods backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent generations are repeatedly backcrossed to one of the parents. Curriculum of plant breeding and genetics bsc hons msc hons. Plant breeding can be defined as an art and science and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. The term molecular breeding is used to describe plant breeding. It aims at improving the genetic makeup of the crop plants.
Diallel cross this is a complex crossing strategy in which each plant is crossed with many others as well as the reciprocal cross is made. Plant breeding is a deliberate effort by humans to nudge nature, with respect to the heredity of plants, to an advantage. The f1 flies appear like wild type therefore shi is recessive not expressed in heterozygote say we have isolated a new paralyzed mutant that we call par. Since the 1960s the green revolution has dramatically increased crop yields, for example by developing dwarf wheat plants that do not get blown over in the wind, and plants with better disease resistance. Learn about the comparison between pedigree method and backcross method. The aim of this method to produce the new variety which is totally different from the parents bearing superior characters.
But plant breeding as a technology increased yield to a very large extent. Pbs 505 genetic methods in plant breeding 2 units three. The method is used generally to improve the yield and other characters of the variety. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 2 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent parent in addition to the good characteristics of the. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice oryza sativa l. In vegetatively propagated crops like sugarcane and potato this method is rarely used and that too with some modifications. The success of any crossbreeding programme is dependent on the quality of the parent breeds. Monohybrid cross involves one gene with two alleles. Since 1900, mendels laws of genetics provided the scientific basis for plant breeding. Online course plant breeding growing hybrids, cultivars. This method along with diallel crossing and convergent crossingbelow is used often employed to combine additive traits into a single plant. In some places, earnings from plant breeding rights can equal or exceed earnings from actually producing plants.
Jadhav shrinivas shripatrao, patil ramanand vankatrao, talekar nilesh suryakantrao plant breeding introduction plant breeding can be defined as an art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic. Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or crosspollinated to increase yields. The offspring from a cross of two true breeding lines is known as the f1 or first filial generation. Induced mutation technology for crop improvement scientists at the iaeas seibersdorf laboratories are helping breeders to develop crops having more desirable traits present forms of life are the product of three factors. Download a pdf of statistical genetics and plant breeding by the national research council for free. Essentials of plant breeding breeding for quantitative. The second reason to consider cross breeding is heterosis or hybrid vigor, wherein unlikely the poor rabbage, the f 1 is superior in some trait to either parent.
Backcross method for dominant and recessive gene transfer. In hybridization, it is possible to combine all good characters present in. Various breeding methods are then used to discriminate. There are three wass whereby unconventional methods of plant genetics can be used for applied plant breeding. The variety which receives gene is recipient parent and variety which is the source of gene is called as donor parent. Steps and methods of plant breeding for disease resistance.
Reverse breeding a novel plant breeding technique that involves suppressing meiotic recombination in order to recreate homozygous parental lines that, once hybridised, reconstitute the composition of an elite heterozygous plant. The breeding potential of these threeway cross and double cross hybrids was assessed for fruit yield per plant in terms of quantitative traits means, variances and their ability to produce transgressive segregants. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex molecular techniques. Crossbreeding without such information will always be a mediocre operation. Raising backcross fls and crossing resistant plants with recurrent parent is. Patricia hain, department of agronomy and horticulture, university of nebraskalincoln. Desirable characteristics from different parent plants could also be combined in the offspring. Essentials of plant breeding was written as a textbook for a. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. Lec 03 apomixis classification and significance in plant breeding. The time necessary for breeding by recombination can be shortened, making use of the discovery that plants can be obtained directly from the products of meiosis, the gonen. Green gram, black gram, soybean, common bean, moth bean.
The book demonstrates that ppb is in essence no different from conventional plant breeding, being based on the very same principles of mendelian, quantitative and population genetics, and therefore has complemented the traditional approach to plant breeding with. Plant breeding is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in plants and combining these into one individual plant. Heterosis can occur between a cross of two lines that otherwise seem nearly identical. May 02, 2019 the package contains different functionalities relevant to analysis of data from both conventional and molecular plant breeding and genetics experiments. The breeding potential of these threeway cross and doublecross hybrids was assessed for fruit yield per plant in terms of quantitative traits means, variances and their ability to produce transgressive segregants. Pdf a term paper on advance plant breeding techniques. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss despite advances in technologies, plant breeding is still based on mendels original concept of inheritance which is extended to encompass the inheritance of quantitative.
New crop are evolved by means of selection, introduction, hybridization, ploidy. The professionals who conduct this task are called plant breeders. There is the only method for interspecific gene transfers, and for the transfer of cytoplasm. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. Organizational aspects of a plant breeding programme. A simple recurrent selection scheme consists of five main steps i selection of superior plants from base population iiselfing of selected plants iii growing progeny of selected plants in the next season from self seed iv intermating among progeny, and v bulking of crossed seeds in equal quantity. Positioning plant breeding for the future the program for the 20 joint annual meeting of the national association of plant breeders and the plant breeding coordinating committee hosted by the university of florida, institute of food and agricultural sciences tampa, florida june 25, 20. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. Diallel cross this is a complex crossing strategy in which each plant is crossed with many others as well as the reciprocal cross is. The resulting f1 hybrid is then back crossed to the p2 recipient to. Plant breeding is a bigger industry than most people realise. The genotype of new variety is nearly identical with that of the recurrent parent, except for the gene transfer. Plant breeding, application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans.
This insight provides an overview of conventional plant breeding methods. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples. Some crop lines are genetically more equipped to handle the stresses of tissue culture. Plant breeding methods pdf plant breeding methods pdf download. Plant breeding by national open university of nigeria file type. Plant breeding the production of new crop varieties which are superior to their parents. Scientific plant breeding has only occurred for about 150 years mendels work on genetics was the first step in understanding breeding. Several breeding methods are available to plant breeders for germplasm improvement, such as the pedigree method, bulk method, single seed descent, backcross method, and recurrent selection. Todays nurseryman needs to understand plant breeding and selection. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. Weaber department of animal science and industry kansas state university introduction the dramatic changes and volatility cowcalf production system input costs and calf values have many producers wondering about the value of heterosis in todays beef. Plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. Since the start of modern plant breeding crossbreeding, f1hybrid breeding, in vitro breeding, gene technology, smart breeding, and genomics, breeding efforts focus on the development of a few economically important plant species like maize, rapeseed, soy, and rice 9, 10.
Yet some in agriculture perceive that plant breeding is becoming the purview of private companies because many plant breeding positions at public universities are being eliminated. Traditional farming can only yield limited food for humans and animals. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding. Black arm resistance from several gossypium species to g. Analysis and visualization of data from plant breeding and genetics experiments version 1. Susceptible but high yielding resistant 50% 50% 75% 25 87. Learn more about the uses and methods of plant breeding. Backcrossing has been used by plant breeders for decades to transfer specific character into elite lines. We start with a true breeding par strain that we mate to wild type.
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